LONDON， Jan. 13 (Xinhua) -- There has been a substantial rise in the numbers of low-paid men working part-time in Britain， research released on Friday showed.


The research by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) showed that in 1996 just five percent of men aged 25-55 with low hourly wages worked part-time. In 2016 that figure had rise to 20 percent.


Researchers had expected to find that the growing group of low-paid male workers was a product of the financial crisis and the ensuing recession， but this was not the case and the statistics showed that it was a steady trend over the 20-year period.


By contrast， over the same period， the proportion of middle- and high- wage men working part-time remained at low levels， at less than five percent.


Weekly earnings inequality among men had risen significantly， partly because the hourly wages of high-earners grew faster than those of middle-earners， and partly because men with low hourly wages are now working fewer hours per week.


The researchers found that the rise of part-time work among men on low hourly wages far predates the recession and is widespread. The trend has been occurring consistently for 20 years and is observed for low-wage men across the age spectrum， for single men and men in couples， and for those with and without children.


In contrast， inequality in women's weekly pay fell， driven by a fall in the proportion of women working part-time， especially among those with low hourly wages.


Despite rising earnings inequality among working households， inequality in total net household incomes (including benefits and after taxes) across the vast majority of the British population is lower than 20 years ago.


Key reasons for this include tax credits for low earners， a catch-up of pensioners with the rest of the population， and falling rates of household worklessness.


However， the top one percent have been different: their share of net total household income increased from six percent in 1994-95 to 8 percent in 2014-15.


Chris Belfield， a co-author of the report and a research economist at IFS， said: "In the last 20 years， the incomes of the top one percent have pulled further away from the rest. But across the vast majority of the population income inequality has actually fallen.


"However， in large part this is because the tax and benefit system has worked increasingly hard to offset disparities in the pay brought home by working households， and because of the catch-up of pensioners with those of working age， as well as falls in worklessness."


by Xinhua writers Xu Liyu Cheap Cubs Jerseys , Chen Junxia, Ding Yi, Jin Zheng


NAIROBI Cubs Joe Maddon Jersey , Aug. 27 (Xinhua) -- After a ride on Kenya's newly-launched Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), Nairobi Railway Museum guide Daniel Shikoli felt an urge to tell visitors what it meant for the country to run a new, modern rail link after a century-long hiatus in rail projects.


Like Shikoli Cubs Anthony Rizzo Jersey , Kenyans have good reason -- and ample opportunities -- to be excited. A trip by the Chinese-built SGR linking the port city of Mombasa and the capital Nairobi takes less than five hours for an otherwise tedious journey either by road or by a colonial-era railway.


Kenya Railways currently operates one daily service from Nairobi to Mombasa and another from Mombasa to Nairobi and is looking into the possibility of increasing the frequency of trains.


"It's so nice. The trip took only more than four hours," said Shikoli, who was among the first Kenyans to ride on the modern train.


Shikoli's one-off experience with the SGR came about thanks to a reward ticket from Kenya Railways which runs the Nairobi Railway Museum. But soon Cubs Addison Russell Jersey , his encounter with the new railway will become long running -- the museum has dedicated a room to the SGR and is in preparations to put the SGR section on show.


He said many newly-weds in Nairobi would visit the museum to avail themselves of the ages-old locomotives on display as a setting for their pre-wedding photograph. And a large number of school children patronize the museum for extended learning of history.


"They'll have more to see and learn how this railway changed our life," he said.


A GAME CHANGER


The SGR runs largely parallel to the meter-gauge railway that was originally built by British colonialists in the 19th century. The Nairobi Terminus is not only the end point of the SGR -- it is where it meets the old railway to facilitate onward journeys.


Mostly bankrolled by China and built by a Chinese company, the 480-km railway is Kenya's biggest infrastructure project since independence and is expected to help boost the East African nation's GDP by 1.5 percent annually.


The Kenyan government estimated that the new railway would cut the costs of freight service in East Africa by 79 percent and the time for delivery by half. The cost of doing business Cubs Jason Heyward Jersey , as a result, would drop as much as 40 percent.


For many Kenyans, the SGR is tantamount to comfort and speed Cubs Ben Zobrist Jersey , and as such, the tourism industry stands to benefit from it.


Mombasa, a seaside resort town Cubs Kris Bryant Jersey , traditionally sees a low season in tourist arrivals in June, but after the SGR had been in place, holidaymakers were flocking to the city.


Kenyan officials said in late July that the new railway had transported over 150 Cubs Kyle Schwarber Jersey ,000 passengers between Mombasa and Nairobi in nearly two months since it was commissioned on May 31.


"The SGR project will open up the African hinterland and transform the life of ordinary citizens," Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta highlighted in May.


Ephantus Kennedy, who joined the SGR as a train conductor after quitting his job as a flight attendant Cubs Javier Baez Jersey , told Xinhua he was lured by "opportunities in career growth" at the SGR.


A 2016 report on the social responsibilities of the Mombasa-Nairobi SGR said the project created 46,000 jobs in Kenya.


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